by Andrew J. Hewitt, PMHNP
Abstract
Miles Morales, the beloved Spider-Man of the Marvel Universe, transcends the typical superhero archetype, embodying the complex realities of adolescence, identity, and the weight of extraordinary responsibility. This blog post explores the potential mental health challenges faced by Miles, specifically focusing on anxiety, drawing upon contemporary research in adolescent psychiatry and trauma-informed care. By analyzing his experiences through the lens of a psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP-BC), this discussion aims to illuminate the importance of recognizing and addressing mental health concerns in young individuals, even those with extraordinary abilities.
Introduction
Superheroes, often portrayed as paragons of strength and resilience, are not immune to the vulnerabilities inherent in the human experience. Miles Morales, a character celebrated for his relatability and authenticity, presents a unique opportunity to examine the intersection of superheroism and mental health. His journey, marked by sudden power acquisition, the loss of loved ones, and the constant pressure to uphold his heroic mantle, creates fertile ground for the development of significant anxiety. This exploration will delve into the potential manifestations of Miles’ anxiety, drawing upon recent research in adolescent mental health and trauma.
The Weight of Responsibility and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Miles’ transition to Spider-Man is not a seamless one. He inherits a legacy burdened with immense responsibility, coupled with the constant threat of danger. This burden, amplified by his youth and inexperience, can contribute to the development of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). GAD, characterized by excessive worry and apprehension, is prevalent in adolescents, particularly those facing significant life stressors (Craske et al., 2022). Miles’ constant fear of failing, his concern for the safety of his loved ones, and the pressure to live up to the Spider-Man legacy are all potential triggers for GAD symptoms.
The concept of “imposter syndrome” also applies. Miles may constantly feel that he is not good enough, and that he will be exposed as a fraud. This can lead to increased anxiety and self-doubt. The high stakes involved in his actions as Spider-Man, where every mistake can have dire consequences, exacerbate this feeling.
Trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Miles’ life is punctuated by traumatic events. The death of his uncle Aaron, a pivotal figure in his life, and the constant exposure to violence and danger are potential catalysts for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Adolescents who experience trauma are at a heightened risk for developing PTSD, characterized by intrusive memories, avoidance behaviors, and hyperarousal (Bryant, 2023).
Miles’ flashbacks to traumatic events, his heightened startle response, and his emotional numbing are potential signs of PTSD. The constant threat of losing loved ones, coupled with the guilt associated with his perceived failures, can contribute to the development of complex PTSD (C-PTSD), which involves prolonged exposure to trauma and difficulty regulating emotions.
Identity, Social Anxiety, and the Pressure to Conform
Miles’ struggle with his dual identity as a teenager and Spider-Man creates a unique set of challenges. He must navigate the complexities of adolescence while concealing his secret identity, leading to feelings of isolation and social anxiety. Social anxiety disorder, characterized by fear of social situations and scrutiny, is common in adolescents, particularly those who feel different or marginalized (Rapee & Heimberg, 2023).
Miles’ need to maintain secrecy and his fear of being exposed can lead to avoidance of social situations, difficulty forming close relationships, and feelings of loneliness. His desire to fit in with his peers while simultaneously embracing his unique identity creates a constant internal conflict, contributing to his overall anxiety levels. The pressure to conform to societal expectations and the fear of being judged can exacerbate his social anxiety.
The Impact of Racial Identity and Systemic Stress
Miles’ experiences as a young Black man in New York City add another layer of complexity to his mental health. He faces systemic racism, microaggressions, and the constant threat of police brutality, which can contribute to chronic stress and anxiety. Research has shown that racial discrimination is a significant predictor of mental health problems in adolescents of color (Williams & Mohammed, 2023).
The concept of “minority stress” highlights the unique challenges faced by individuals from marginalized groups. This chronic stress can lead to increased vulnerability to mental health disorders, including anxiety and depression. Miles’ experiences with racial profiling, prejudice, and the pressure to represent his community can contribute to his overall mental health burden.
Implications for Mental Health Care
Recognizing the potential mental health challenges faced by Miles Morales underscores the importance of providing comprehensive and culturally sensitive mental health care to adolescents. A trauma-informed approach, which acknowledges the impact of trauma on mental health, is crucial in working with young individuals who have experienced adversity.
Therapeutic interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns, and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), which focuses 1 on emotion regulation and distress tolerance, can be effective in treating anxiety and PTSD (Linehan, 2015). Family therapy can also be beneficial in addressing the impact of trauma and stress on the family system.
Furthermore, it is essential to provide culturally competent care that acknowledges the unique experiences of adolescents from marginalized groups. Mental health providers must be aware of the impact of systemic racism and discrimination on mental health and provide interventions that are tailored to the individual’s cultural background.
The Importance of Community and Support Systems
Miles’ support system, including his family, friends, and mentor figures, plays a crucial role in his mental well-being. The importance of strong social support in mitigating the impact of stress and trauma cannot be overstated. Encouraging adolescents to build healthy relationships and seek support from trusted adults is essential for promoting resilience and mental health.
The concept of “collective resilience” highlights the importance of community support in fostering mental health and well-being. By fostering a sense of belonging and connection, communities can help adolescents navigate the challenges they face and build resilience in the face of adversity.
Conclusion
Miles Morales’ journey as Spider-Man is a testament to the resilience and strength of young individuals facing adversity. However, it also highlights the potential mental health challenges that can arise from the weight of responsibility, trauma, and societal pressures. By recognizing and addressing these challenges, we can provide adolescents with the support and resources they need to thrive.
The application of contemporary research in adolescent mental health and trauma-informed care allows for a more nuanced understanding of Miles’ experiences. By framing his story through the lens of a PMHNP-BC, this analysis emphasizes the importance of providing culturally sensitive and comprehensive mental health care to young individuals, both in the fictional world of superheroes and in the real world we inhabit.
References
Bryant, R. A. (2023). Post-traumatic stress disorder: A state-of-the-science review. World Psychiatry, 22(1), 12-32.
Craske, M. G., Stein, M. B., & Andrews, G. (2022). Generalized anxiety disorder: A review. JAMA, 328(24), 2498-2509.
Linehan, M. M. (2015). DBT skills training manual. Guilford publications.
Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2023). A cognitive-behavioral model of social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 161, 104250.
Williams, D. R., & Mohammed, S. A. (2023). Discrimination and racial disparities in health: Evidence and needed research. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 46(1), 1-20.
